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1952 

MATERIALS SURVEY 



APPAREL WOOL 


S3 


Compiled for the 


Materials Office 

National Security Resources Board 


by the 


UNITED STATES, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE , 

11 


April 1952 
















- 2 - 


SURVEY OF APPAREL WOOL 

I. PREFACE 



This survey was conducted by the United States Department of Agri¬ 
culture at the request of the National Security Resources Board* It is 
designed to furnish basic information on apparel wool required to the 
Board in connection with its resources mobilization planning program* 

The scope of the survey has been limited to include only the raw 
material situation* A survey of manufacturing processes, production 
facilities, industry structure, and the end-use situation has not been 
considered as part of this project. 

Since the United States is dependent upon foreign sources for 
the greater part of its present consumption requirements, consideration 
is also given to the raw wool situation in the chief foreign producing 
and consuming countries. 

The section relating to the foreign situation was prepared in 
the Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations; the rest of the survey 
was prepared in the Division of Statistical and Historical Research, 
Bureau of Agricultural Economics. 







- 3 - 

II. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 

Preface . 2 

Table of Contents ..... 3 

List of Tables . 4 

Definitions .... ...... 6 

Nature of Commodity . 6 

Apparel and Carpet Wool .. 6 

Grading of Apparel Wool ... 6 

Units of Measure . 8 

Shrinkage and Yield . 3 

The Domestic Wool Situation. 9 

The Sheep Enterprise in the United States . 9 

Domestic Wool Production. 11 

United States Foreign Trade in Raw Wool . 12 

Mill Consumption of Apparel Wool in the United 

States . 14 

Stocks of Apparel Wool in the United States . 14 

The World Wool Situation . 15 

World Stocks of Raw Wool . 16 

World Production of Wool ..... 17 

World Consumption of Wool . 18 

World Trade in Raw Wool . 19 

World War II Controls and Experiences . 20 

Controls and Experiences in the United States . 20 

Controls and Experiences in Other Countries . 22 

Bibliography . 82 









































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- 4 - 


III. 



LIST OF TABLES 


PAGE 


Table 1. 

Table 2. 
Table 3. 

Table 4. 
Table 5. 

Table 6 . 

Table 7. 

Table 8. 

Table 9. 

Table 10. 

Table 11. 


Wool grades according to blood and numerical or 7 

count systems..77 

Approximate average clean yield of domestic and imported 
apparel wool, shorn and pulled, by grades . 9 

Domestic production of shorn and pulled wool,grease ^4 

basis and estimated scoured equivalent weight, 

United States, 1935 to date ..... 24 

Production of shorn wool, grease basis, by States, 1948. 25 

Percentage distribution of monthly receipts of domestic 


wool, Eoston, average 1930*39 . 26 

Percentage distribution of wool production, by grades, 
United States } 1946... 26 


Estimated wool production, by grades, United States, 

1935 to date ... 27 

Apparel wool: April 1 stocks, domestic production, net 
imports, and consumption, scoured basis, United States, '• ; 
1935 to date .... 28 

Wool: Imports for consumption, clean basis, United 
States, by country of origin and grade, 1935 to date ....30 

Total and per capita wool consumption, scoured basis, 


United States, 1935 to date ... 58 

Mill consumption of apparel wool, scoured basis, by 59 

grades, United States, 1935 to date .. 


Table 12, Percentage distribution of mill consumption of apparel 

wool, by grades, United States, 1935 to date .60 

Table 13. Weekly average mill consumption of apparel wool, scoured 
basis, on the woolen and worsted systems, United States, 
by months, 1935 to date . 6 l 

Table l4. Stocks of apparel wool held by United States Government, 
dealers, and manufacturers, scoured basis, and comparison 
of stocks with mill consumption, United States, April 1, 
1935 to date . 64 

Table 15. Stocks of apparel wool, scoured basis, by grades, United 

States, April 1, 1935 to date. £5 


































< 








































- 5 - 


III. LIST OF TABLES - Continued PAGE 

Table 16. World supply and disposition of wool, clean basis, 

average 1934-38, annual 1946-51. 68 

Table 17. Estimated world production of wool, clean basis, by 

quality counts, 1950-51 season... 69 

Table 18. Production of wool in specified countries, greasy basis, 

average 1936-40 and 1941-45, annual 1947-51... 70 

Table 19. World consumption of wool, clean basis, average 1934-38, 

annual 1946-50....... 71 

Table 20. World consumption of wool, clean basis, by main quality 

groups, 1950. 72 

Table 21. Exports of wool from principal Southern Hemisphere 
countries, actual weight, average 1934-38, annual 
1947-49. 73 

Table 22. Wool: International trade, actual weight, average 

1935-39, annual 1947-50.. 74 

Table 23. Australia: Wool production and exports, average 1934-38, 

annual 1939 - 50 . 75 

Table 24. New Zealand: Wool production and exports, average 

1934-38, annual 1939-50. 76 

Table 25 . Union of South Africa: Wool production and exports, 

average 193^-38, annual 1939-50...... 77 

Table 26. Argentina: Wool production and exports, average 1934-38, 

annual 1939-50. 78 

Table 27 . Uruguay: Wool production and exports, average 1934-38, 

annual 1939-50. 79 

Table 28. Wool production in five principal exporting countries, 

greasy basis, average 193^-38, annual 1941, 1945-50. 80 

Table 29. Wool production in principal importing countries, greasy 

basis, average 1934-38, annual 1941, 1945"50. 81 






























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- 6 - 


IV. DEFINITIONS 

1. Nature of the Commodity . Wool is the hair or fiber of the sheep 
which is sheared from living sheep (shorn wool) or removed from the pelts 
of slaughtered sheep (pulled wool). It is one of the oldest of the textile 
fibers. Since the beginning of recorded history, it has been an important 
material for the production of wearing apparel. Unlike cotton, which is 
used extensively for industrial purposes, wool is used principally for 
clothing, although substantial quantities are also used in the production 
of blankets, upholstery, and floor coverings. The resilience, wrinkle- 
resistance, hygroscopic quality, felting property, and low heat conducti¬ 
vity of wool account for its desirability as a textile fiber in the manu¬ 
facture of such items. 

2. Apparel and Carpet Wool . The great variation in the physical 
characteristics of wool has resulted in a large number of commercial types, 
commanding widely different prices at any given time. Among these charac¬ 
teristics are fineness or diameter of fiber, length of fiber, uniformity, 
color, luster, elasticity, strength, suppleness, etc. Wool varies greatly 
with respect to these qualities not only from one breed of sheep to another, 
but also from fleece to fleece and from one part to another of the same 
fleece. 


In the markets of the United States, the two general categories, 
apparel and carpet, take their names from the principal uses to which the 
fiber is put. Apparel wool is used chiefly for clothing but is used also 
in the manufacture of blankets, upholstery, drapery fabrics, industrial 
felts, etc. Such wool is obtained from improved breeds of sheep and is 
finer and softer than carpet wool. Carpet wools are coarse, harsh, wiry, 
usually strong and sound, and kinky rather than crimped or waved. Most 
varieties have a pronounced color defect ranging from deep gray to black 
or from light fawn to dark brown. Such wools, as the name implies, are 
used principally in the manufacture of floor coverings. However, they 
are often used in the manufacture of apparel fabrics when special effects 
are desired as, for example, in certain kinds of tweeds. There is no 
established system of grading for carpet wools; they are usually described 
in terms Of the country or locality of origin and sometimes by color. 

3. Grading of Apparel Wool . Apparel wool is classified principally 
on the basis of the fineness or diameter of the fiber (grade) and the 
length of the fiber (staple). No one classification system is in universal 
use. > 


Two alternative systems of designating fineness or grade of shorn 
apparel wool are in use in the United States - the blood system and the 
count system. Originally, the blood grades designated the proportion of 
merino blood in the 3 heep which produced the wool. The count numbers 
originally indicated the number of hanks of yarn of 560 yards each which 
could be 3 pun from a pound of wool top. Both systems of grade terms, how¬ 
ever, have lost their original significance. They are terms now generally 
known and accepted in the wool industry for the various degrees of fine¬ 
ness in the wool fiber. Table 1 shows the approximate correspondence 
between grades in the two systems. 














- 7 - 


In the world wool trade, half blood and finer wools (60s and finer) 
are known as merinos, and grades below half-blood are referred to as cross 
breds. Wools grading 50s to 58 s are commonly known as "fine crossbreds," 
those grading 44s to 48s as "medium crossbreds," and those grading 40s and 
below as "low crossbreds." 

Table 1.- Wool grades according to blood and numerical or count system l/ 

Blood system 

Count or numerical system 

Fine . 

64s, 70 s, 80 s 

Half-blood (l/2 blood) 

60 s, 62s 

Three-eighthn blood ( 3/8 blood) 

56 s, 58 s 

Quarter-blood (l/4 blood) . 

48s, 5^3 

Low-quarter blood .. 

46s 

Common . 

44s 

Braid . 

36 s, 40s 


1/ Several changes have been made in the commercial classification of 
wool by spinning count since Government grade designations were estab¬ 
lished in 1933. The main changes were in l/2 blood wools originally 58 s- 
60s, now 60s-62s; and in 3/8 blood wools previously 563 , now 56s-58s. The 
count classifications shown here are those now in general use by the trade, 


In addition to the general systems described above, various systems 
for designating fineness of fiber are used locally in wool producing and 
consuming countries. 

The terms used in the blood and count systems refer only to the classi¬ 
fication of apparel wool on the basis of diameter or fineness of fiber. In 
the United States, the terms used for describing market groups for length 
are "combing" and "clothing." Generally speaking, combing wools are those 
of sufficient length to be combed, that is, processed on the worsted system. 

In each grade, the longest wools are the combing wools. As English or 
Bradford combs require a longer wool than French combs, wools generally 
must be of sufficient length for combing on Bradford combs to be classified 
as combing wools. However, those long enough for combing on French combs, 
but shorter than desired for Bradford combs, are sometimes referred to as 
"French combing." For the fine and half-blood grades, it is customary to 
make three divisions - strictly combing, French combing, and clothing. The 
term "delaine" is frequently used to describe strictly combing fine wools 
from Delaine Merino sheep raised in the Eastern farm states and the term 
"staple" for strictly combing fine territory wools. Texas wools are classi¬ 
fied according to growth as "12 months," "8 months," and "fall shorn." 
































- 8 - 


In the United. States, fineness and length of pulled wools are in¬ 
dicated by letters such as AA, A, and so on down to C super, AA being 
approximately equivalent to a fine combing shorn wool. 

Shorn wools are usually sold with reference to the State, area, or 
country where produced. For example,domestic shorn wools are usually 
grouped under three broad descriptions - "fleece," "territory," and "Texas;" 
however, many subdivisions of these are in regular use. 

"Fleece" wools are grown in all of the Eastern and Southern States 
and as far west as the Dakotas (eastern part), Nebraska, Kansas, and 
Oklahoma where the sheep grown are chiefly of the mutton breeds. Between 
70 and 75 percent of the fleece wools grade three-'eighthe blood or coarser. 
Wools grown east of the Mississippi River and in some parts of Minnesota, 
Iowa, and Missouri are light in color and of relatively light shrinkage. 
These wools are referred to as "bright" fleece wools in the domestic wool 
trade. In the hilly sections of Southern Ohio, Michigan, and a small part 
of Western Pennsylvania and Northeastern West Virginia, much of the land, 
being unsuited for crops, is kept in pasture. In this region, merino 
sheep are raised extensively, producing a light shrinking, fine delaine 
wool. Fleece wools grown in the farm areas of the Dakotas, Nebraska, 

Kansas, Oklahoma, and in parts of Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Missouri 
are somewhat dark in color and of moderately heavy shrinkage. These wools 
are referred to as "semi-bright" fleece wools. 

"Territory" wools are grown in the far Western States and western 
sections of the Dakotas, Nebraska, and Kansas. Sheep are herded in bands 
on open ranges. The wool produced is of higher shrinkage than in the 
fleece wool states. More than 80 percent of the wools grade half-blood 
or finer. Wools grown in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Oregon are 
frequently classified separately as wools from those States have peculiar¬ 
ities which distinguish them from wools from other States and regions. 

The sheep industry in Texas is carried on in a manner somewhat in¬ 
termediate between the Western range and Eastern farm systems. Much of 
the land is fenced. "Texas" wools are mostly fine wools from merino 
breeds. They are uniform in character and somewhat softer than the terri¬ 
tory wools. 

4. Units of Measure ♦ All data appearing in this report are in 
pounds, the unit of measure commonly used in the reporting of wool statis¬ 
tics in the United States. Many of the data published by foreign countries, 
however, are in metric tons or bales and consequently must be converted 
whenever compared with United States statistics. Many countries, parti¬ 
cularly the major exporting countries, indicate data referring to produc¬ 
tion and trade in terms of bales. Bale weights are not uniform for all 
countries and may vary considerably from year to year for the same country. 

5 . Shrinkage and Yield . Considerable difficulty is encountered in 
attempting to reduce wool statistics to a comparable basis. These are some¬ 
times expressed on a grease basis, sometimes on a scoured basis, and some¬ 
times on an actual weight basis. 










- 9 - 


Production data are usually collected and reported on a grease 
"basis. Grease wool - wool as it is shorn or pulled - contains large 
amounts of grease as well as certain amounts of dirt, sand, burr, or other 
foreign matter. The clean content or yield of grease wool varies consider- 
ably, depending on the fineness, locality of origin or growth, care in 
handling the sheep and wool, weather conditions, and whether shorn or pull¬ 
ed. The weight of shorn wool left after scouring, for example, will range 
from nearly 80 percent for some New Zealand coarse wools to as low as 
30 percent (and occasionally even less) for a part of the range-grown do¬ 
mestic fine wools from areas where there is considerable dust during part 
of the year. Approximate average clean yields of domestic and imported 
wool, shorn and pulled, by grades, are 3hown in table 2. 

Trade statistics are usually collected and reported on an actual 
weight basis, i.e., combining weights of wools in the grease, washed, and 
scoured condition. Consumption data are usually reported on a scoured 
basis. \ 


In order to facilitate the comparison of statistics, most data in 
this report have been converted to a scoured or clean basis by using such 
information as is available regarding clean yields. 

Table 2.- Approximate average clean yield of domestic and imported 
apparel wool, shorn and pulled, by grades l/ 


Grade 

Shorn 

wool 

Pulled wool 

Domestic : 

Foreign 

Domestic 

Foreign 


Percent 

Percent 

Percent 

Percent 

Fine (64s & finer) 

36 

54 

58 

68 

1/2-blood (60s, 62s) 

39 

57 

62 

72 

3/8-blood (56s, 58s) 

48 

64 

68 

78 

l/4-blood (50s, 52s) 

52 

67 

72 

82 

Low l/4-blood (46s, 48s) 

55 

70 

75 

85 

Common (44s) 

57 

68 

78 

88 

Braid (40s 8c coarser) 

58 

71 

80 

90 


l/ Percentages adopted by the Bureau of the Census in January 1942 for 
converting consumption and stock data from grease basis to clean basis. 
The yield factors shown for domestic wool are somewhat lower than those 


given in The Domestic Wool Clip. Livestock Branch, Production and Marketing Adm, 
V. THE DOMESTIC WOOL SITUATION 

1. The Sheep Enterprise in the United States . In the United States, 
wool is a joint product, along with lamb and mutton, of the sheep enter¬ 
prise. The production of sheep for lamb and mutton i3 the major source of 
income to sheep growers. The importance of lamb and mutton relative to 
wool has varied considerably at different stages in the growth of the sheep 
industry, in different regions, and from year to year 













































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- 10 - 


In the early days of the range sheep industry, wool was the prin?* 
cipal, and in some areas the exclusive, product of the industry. A some¬ 
what similar situation existed in specialized sheep areas in the native 
sheep states. Income was largely from the sale of wool. Later, when con¬ 
sumer appreciation of lamb as a meat and a ready market for slaughter lambs 
developed,the emphasis in sheep raising shifted more to the -production of 
lamb. 


There are still limited areas, such as the cut-over timber areas of 
west central Louisiana, where sheep are kept almost exclusively for wool. 
Elsewhere, there are considerable differences between areas as to the rela¬ 
tive importance of wool and lamb production as sources of income. In those 
areas where crossbred lambs are raised for the early lamb market, the re¬ 
turns from lamb are much higher in relation to returns from wool than in 
areas where fine-wool type ewes are kept and ewe lambs are raised for use 
or for sale as replacements and wether lambs are raised for sale as feeder 
lambs. In nearly all of the important native sheep states where lambs are 
sold for slaughter, lamb is more important than wool. 

During the years 1935"39> the value of wool production (including 
the value of pulled wool Averaged 49.8 percent of the total value of sheep 
and wool production. Since World War II, the wool proportion has declined 
substantially and in all regions. In 1949, the proportion was only 
36.4 percent. 

Sheep and wool are grown in all the States, but in three-fourths of 
them the enterprise is relatively small. The Bize of individual flocks 
varies greatly, both for the country as a whole and for different geographical 
regions. On the majority of farms, the sheep enterprise is relatively small. 
On most farms a flock of sheep of less than 25 head is a minor item in the 
total operations of the farm. However, farms with less than 25 sheep com¬ 
prise 60 percent of all farms with sheep. 

In 1948, cash receipts from the sale of sheep, lambs, and wool were 
less than 2 percent of total cash receipts from all agricultural products. 
Although small in the over-all picture, the sheep industry is of considerable 
importance in a number of States, and is among the major agricultural enter¬ 
prises in some States. The 11 Western States l/ and Texas had only 17 per¬ 
cent of all farms with sheep in 19^-5 > but had 67 percent of the sheep and 
produced 70 percent of the shorn wool that year. The average number of pounds 
of wool per ranch (or farm) shorn in these States in 1944 was 3>100; for the 
rest of the country the average was 250 pounds. It is largely in this group 
of States, the so-called western sheep States, that the sheep industry, in¬ 
cluding wool production, is important both from the standpoint of the 
agricultural economy as a whole and the operations of many individuals. In 
these States sheep utilize much of the feed and forage resources that other¬ 
wise would not be put to as good economic use. Eight of these States, together' 
with South Dakota, furnish practically all of the lambs that go to feed lots 
each year. 

In addition to furnishing most of the feeder lambs produced, the 
Western States also furnish large numbers of breeding stock each year for 
use in other sections of the country. 

l/ Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, 
Washington, Oregon, and California. 




- 11 - 


2. Domestic Wool Production . 

2a. Production Trends . Practically all of the wool produced in the 
United States is apparel wool. Domestic production increased from about 
185 million pounds, scoured basis, in 1936 to a record high of about 200 mil¬ 
lion pounds in 1942 (table 3)* Production in 1951 is now estimated at about 
107million pounds, about the same as in 1950, but about 46 percent below the 
quantity produced in 1942. 

2b. Shorn and Pulled Wool . Most of the wool produced in the United 
States is shorn wool (wool sheared from living sheep). In 1951, roughly 
84 percent of the total on a scoured basis consisted of such wool, the other 
16 percent being pulled wool (wool removed from the pelts of slaughtered 
sheep). Production of both is widely distributed over the United States. 

Some shorn wool is produced in every State (table 4). In 1951, production 
by States ranged from 12 thousand pounds, grease basis, in Florida to. ~ 
almost 49 million pounds in Texas. The ten largest wool-producing States 
that year, listed in order, were Texas, Wyoming, California, Montana, Utah, 
Colorado, New Mexico, Idaho, Ohio, and South Dakota. Production of these ten 
States made up 7^ percent of the total. 

Pulled wool is produced mainly in large slaughtering and meat-packing 
plants, but considerable quantities are produced in independent wool pull- 
eries located in various parts of the country. The six leading States in 
1951 in order of the volume of wool pulled, were Illinois, Pennsylvania, 
Massachusetts, California, Colorado, and Utah. 

2c. Seasonality of Domestic Wool Production . The domestic apparel 
wool industry is distinctly seasonal from the standpoint of domestic produc¬ 
tion of shorn wool. The domestic clip is largely shorn during the months 

from February through July,but the bulk of it is done in April,May, and June. 

\ 

Pulled wool production is heaviest during the winter and early spring 
months, partly because of the heavier slaughter and partly because of the 
age of the sheep slaughtered and the heavier fleeces during those months. 
However, pulled wool is produced in greater or lesser volume in every month 
of the year. 

Data on receipts of domestic wool at Boston indicate that for the 
ten years 1930-39 about 62 percent of the total was received during June, 
July, and August (table 9). 

2d. Grade Distribution of Domestic Wool Production . The Livestock 
Branch of the Production and Marketing Administration, TJSDA, has estimated 
that about 58.7 percent, scoured basis, of domestic wool production in 1946 
consisted of fine and half-blood wool (table 6). These estimates are the 
result of an analysis of Commodity Credit Corporation purchases for that 
year. The resulting percentage distribution of wool purchases by grade is 
probably a fairly reliable estimate of the breakdown of that year’s produc¬ 
tion by grade, since CCC purchased practically all the domestic woo}, which 
was produced during that year. Since changes in sheep numbers since 1946 
have been at about the same rate in the various areas, the data for 1946 are 
believed to be fairly representative of the grade distribution of current 
production. The results of this study are the basis for the grade distribu¬ 
tion estimates of domestic production for 1935“51 shown in table 7, 





















- 12 - 


2e. Marketing Practices in the United. States . A majority of the 
growers usually sell their wool at or soon after shearing time. However, 
the time of selling varies considerably from year to year. In all years 
some, and in some years a large proportion,of the wool is sold by contract 
well in advance of shearing, usually during December, January, and Febru¬ 
ary. On the other hand, in all years some, and in some years a large pro¬ 
portion, of the clip is consigned by producers to dealers or to growers* 
cooperative organizations. Consigned wool may not be sold for several months 
or for one or more years. The volume of contracting prior to shearing by 
dealers and manufacturers and the volume of consigning by growers depend 
upon anticipations as to price trends in the wool markets. 

Marketing practices vary considerably in different parts of the 
country due largely to differences in size and uniformity of the individual 
clips. In the Territory States, where the clips run large, most of the 
wool is bought at the ranch by resident agents or travelling buyers for 
Boston dealers or consigned to cooperative marketing agencies. In the 
fleece-wool states, where most of the clips are small, the greater part of 
the wool is bought on the farm by country dealers who accumulate wool on 
their own account or buy on commission for Boston dealers. Some fleece 
wool is also consigned to cooperative marketing agencies. In Texas, most 
of the wool usually is shipped to warehouses for sale; iiowever, in some 
years, many buyers purchase direct from producers at tne ranch. 

Some wool is bought direct from growers or country dealers by top- 
makers * and manufacturers* representatives. The greater part of such 
direct buying takes place in Texas because of the uniformity of Texas 
wool, the concentration of production within limited areas, and the con¬ 
venience of inspection of wool assembled at well-organized warehouses. 
Considerable direct buying also takes place in the fleece wool States. 

\ 

Pulled wool usually is sold direct to consumers by the large packers 
through their Boston offices. Smaller pulleries sell direct from their 
plants through salesmen or by sample and correspondence while others sell 
through agents in Boston. 

During 1943-46, however, practically the entire domestic production 
was marketed through the CCC. 

Domestic and imported apparel wool is concentrated in central mar¬ 
kets, particularly Boston, where it is stored in relatively uniform lots 
until needed by consumers. Most of the wool requirements of manufacturers, 
particularly the worsted mills, are purchased in the grease. However, 
sizeable quantities of clothing and off wools are bought in the scoured 
state, particularly by woolen mills. 

3. United States Foreign Trade in Raw Wool . 













- 13 - 


3 & . Imports . On the average over a period of years, substantially 
more apparel wool is consumed in the United States than is produced 
(table 8), Average annual imports for consumption during 1935“39 were 
56 million pounds, clean basis, equivalent to 20 percent of the average 
annual quantity of apparel wool consumed during those years. The quantity 
of wool imported during that period ranged between a high of 94 million 
pounds in 1937 and a low of 21 million pounds in 1938. These imports 
entered into consumption each year about as imported. 

During the war years, however, a large stockpile of foreign wool was 
built up and maintained in the United States. In 1941, the Defense Supplies 
Corporation arranged to purchase for stockpiling from the British Government 
a sizeable quantity of Australian wool stored in the United States. Later, 
a small quantity of Uruguayan wool was purchased, and small quantities of 
New Zealand, and South African wool were obtained in exchange for Australian 
The Defense Supplies Corporation disposed of these holdings during 1944 and 
1945. The British-owned wools stored in the United States were re-exported 
between VE-Day and July 1947. 

Imports for immediate consumption increased greatly during the war 
years, due to the increased consumption requirements resulting from mili¬ 
tary requirements of wool goods. Also, a large part of domestic produc¬ 
tion accumulated in the hands of the Commodity Credit Corporation since 
support prices for domestic wools were somewhat higher than duty-paid 
prices of comparable foreign wools, 

Imports for consumption reached a peak in 1946, but declined from 
1947 through 1949. The decline resulted from the declining rate of con¬ 
sumption during that period and the increased use of domestic wool, even 
though domestic production continued the decline which had begun in 1943* 

The bulk of CCC holdings were sold during this period as prices of imported 
wools advanced to levels above Commodity Credit Corporation selling prices. 

Nearly all of the apparel wool imported into the United States comes 
from the five chief surplus-producing countries in the Southern Hemisphere-- 
Australia, Argentina, New Zealand, Union of South Africa, and Uruguay. Most' 
of the fine and half-blood wool comes from Australia and the Union of South 
Africa, while the coarser wools come from New Zealand and the two South 
American countries (table 9). 

3b. Exports . Exports of domestic wool always have been small rela¬ 
tive to domestic production and imports. Prior to World War II, exports 
of domestic wools averaged less than one-half million pounds, scoured basis, 
per year. The small prewar exports of domestic wools consisted in part of 
shipments to Canada and in part of special sorts, predominantly of Ohio 
Delaines shipped to western Europe. These Delaines have been in demand in 
limited quantities irrespective of price by a few manufacturers in western 
Europe for use in blends for superwarp yarns because of their strength. 






- 14 - 


During the years 1943 to 1946, however, considerable amounts were 
shipped to the United Kingdom and Canada and, in 1945-47, largely for re¬ 
lief purposes, to western European countries. Some CCC wool was exported 
during 1948-50 under the EGA program. 

4. Mi3-1 Consumption of Apparel Wool in the United States . Consump¬ 
tion of apparel wool by domestic mills averaged 28 l million pounds, scoured 
basis, per year, during 1935"39 (table 10). The quantity of wool consumed 
declined from 319 million pounds in 1935 to a low of 220 million pounds in 
1938. Thereafter, consumption increased, reaching a wartime peak of 
603 million pounds in 19^3* During the war years, 1941-45, consumption 
averaged 569 million pounds per year, of which it is estimated 54 percent 
was used to meet military orders for wool goods. Consumption in 1946, 
olO million pounds, was a new record; however, consumption declined during 
each successive year during the following 3 years to a low of 339 million 
pounds in 1949. Consumption increased 29 percent during 1950 but declined 
14 percent the following year. 

On a per capita basis, mill consumption averaged 2.17 pounds during 
1935"39. Despite the restrictions on civilian consumption during the war 
years, civilian consumption is estimated to have averaged 2.0 pounds per 
person during 1941-45. With the ending of hostilities in 1945, military 
orders were practically discontinued; however, only a temporary decline in 
mill activity and wool consumption took place as mills shifted from the 
production of military to the production of civilian goods. Per capita 
consumption reached a new record level of 4.29 pounds in 1946 and declined 
only moderately in 1947 and 1948. For the three years 1946-48, per capita 
consumption greatly exceeded that for any other 3 -yaar period on record. 

The increase reflected the high level of consumer income, the building up 
of inventories which had been reduced during the war years, and the require¬ 
ments of the demobilized military forces. Per capita consumption declined 
to 2.26 pounds in 1949, increased to 2.86 pounds in 1950 , and declined to 
2,43 pounds in 1951, 

Some indications of the proportion of total mill consumption repre¬ 
sented by the major grade groupings can be obtained from the data shown 
in tables 11 and 12. Unfortunately, the data for 1935-4l are preliminary 
since only revised totals are available for those years. Also, the grade 
groupings for this period are not comparable with those of later years. 

5. Stocks of Apparel Wool in the United States . Stocks of apparel 
wool held by dealers and manufacturers in the United States on April 1, 
1935“39, averaged 109 million pounds, scoured basis (tables l4 and 15 ). 
Holdings relative to the rate of mill consumption averaged about 21 weeks 
of consumption; however, the ratio ranged between a low of 16 weeks on 
April 1, 1937, and a high of 40 weeks a year later. The wide variation 
in the ratio was due, for the most part, to the extreme variation in the 
rate of consumption during that period. 














- 15 - 


Early in 1941 stocks totaled 115 million pounds, all of which were 
private holdings. This was equivalent to 13 weeks of consumption at the 
then current rate. 

In 1940, as a precautionary measure against the possible loss of 
access to supplies of foreign wool, the United States arranged with the 
British Government for the storage of a sizable reserve of British-owned 
wool in the United States. Such a stockpile was started early in 1941. 
late in 1941, the Defense Supplies Corporation arranged to purchase from 
the British Government a substantial quantity of Australian wool in this 
stockpile. Later, small quantities of Uruguayan, South African, and New 
Zealand wool were added to the DSC stockpile. Holdings of the Defense 
Supplies Corporation reached a peak of 183 million pounds at the beginning 
of 1944. These holdings were sold at public auction during 1944 and 1945, 
except for a small quantity sold to Treasury Procurement and shipped to 
Europe during the last half of 1945. 

The British began moving their holdings out of the United States 
shortly after VE-Day. The last of this wool was ship-ped out during July 

1947 . 


In addition to the stockpile wools, a sizable quantity of domestic 
wool accumulated through the Commodity Credit Corporation price-support 
program, which was made effective April 25, 1943? for domestic wool growers. 
As a result of the relation between CCC support and selling prices for 
domestic wools and duty-paid prices of comparable foreign wools, consider¬ 
able domestic wool accumulated as CCC stocks, even though mill consumption 
of apparel wool was more than double the rate of domestic production. The 
accumulation reached a peak of 230 million pounds on October 1, 1946. 

With the reopening of the British Empire auctions in September 1946, 
wool prices rose rapidly. During 1947? duty-paid prices of most fine im¬ 
ported wools advanced to levels above CCC selling prices. By early 195^? 
both CCC purchase prices and selling prices for all domestic wools were 
considerably lower than duty-paid prices of comparable foreign wools. 

By late 195°? the CCC had disposed of its holdings, except for a very small 
quantity held for experimental purposes. 

On April 1, 1946/ stocks of apparel*wool held by the United States 
Government, dealers, and manufacturers amounted to 421.4 million pounds. 

This was equivalent to almost 37 weeks of consumption at the then current 
high rate. By April 1, 1951? however, holdings had been reduced to 
130 million pounds or 17 weeks of consumption, as a result of the liquida¬ 
tion of CCC holdings and a reduction of 42 percent in trade holdings. 

VI. THE WORLD WOOL SITUATION 

World consumption 01 wool .reached an all-time high in 1950 of about 
2,600 million pounds, clean basis, of which about 2,200 million pounds were 
apparel wool. This was the fifth successive year during which consumotion 
exceeded production. The excess of consumption over production during these 
three years was made possible by the large wartime accumulation of wool. 

By the end of 1950, however, practically all of the wartime accumulation had 
been disposed of and trade stocks had been reduced to a low level (table 16 ). 








- 16 - 


Use of other materials such as noils, waste, broken tops, recovered 
and re-used wool, man-made fibers, cotton, hair, and silk by the wool textile 
industry of the world increased considerably during 1951* This substitution 
permitted woolen and worsted mills to maintain output at only about 15 per¬ 
cent below 1950 even though raw wool consumption was down about 20 percent. 

The 'world supply of wool for the current (1951-52) season is about 
the same as during the 1950-51 season. The smaller carry-over in consuming 
countries just about offset the’ larger carry-over in the major exporting 
countries and a slight increase in world production. Production is tenta¬ 
tively estimated at 1^,070 million pounds, grease basis. The clean equiva¬ 
lent of this estimate is about 2,270 million pounds, of which about 1,800 
million pounds are apparel wool. 

Total stocks at the beginning of the season were down somewhat from 
a year earlier. The reduction may have been as much as 200 million pounds, 
clean basis. Carry-over in the major exporting countries, particularly in 
Argentina and New Zealand, was somewhat larger than at the end of the previous 
.season. The larger carry-over in New Zealand reflects the suspension of 
auctions in that country owing to the dock workers’ strike. The total 
increase in carry-over in the major exporting countries may have been as 
much as 100-115 million pounds, clean basis. Joint Organization (United 
Kingdom-Dominion Wool Disposals Ltd.) holdings were reduced from about 8U 
million pounds, clean basis, at the beginning of the 1950-51 season to about 
' ij. million pounds at the end of that season. The remaining k million pounds 
were sold at the July auctions. 

1. W orld Stocks of Ra w Wool . With the exception of the abnormal 
conditions at the end of World War I, carry-over stocks of unsold wool in 
the major exporting countries during the interwar years were small relative 
to production. Such limited information as is available, however, indicates 
that stocks of raw wool in the consuming countries varied considerably from 
year to year. The average world carry-over of raw wool for the years 193U-39 
was about 1.8 billion pounds, grease basis. 

At the end of World War II, world stocks of wool were the largest on 
record and amounted to about 5 billion pounds, grease basis. This was about 
three times the 193U—38 average and about 60 percent larger than estimated 
world production of apparel w r ool in 1950. These stocks accumulated as a 
result of the reduced wartime consumption of wool in continental Europe and 
Japan which, in prewar years, had consumed about two-fifths of the world*s 
wool production or about 75 percent of the wool entering international trade. 
The reduction in consumption in these countries was only partially offset 
by the increased consumption in North America. 

The greater part of these surplus wools were British Empire wools 
owned by the British Government. Early in the war, the British Government 
entered into an agreement with the Governments of Australia and New Zealand 
to buy their entire exportable surplus of wool for the war period and one 
clip year thereafter. Similar arrangements were later made with regard to 
the South African production. Large stocks also accumulated in South America, 
particularly in Argentina, 







- 17 - 


Commercial stocks of wool in the United States at the end of World War 
II were considerably larger than prewar ; however, the stock-consumption ratio 
was about the same as prewar. In addition to these commercial stocks, a size¬ 
able quantity of domestic wool accumulated in the hands of the United States 
Government under its price-support program for domestic wool growers. 

Under this program, which began in April I9h3 f practically all domestic 
wool was bought by the Commodity Credit Corporation. As CCC selling prices 
were considerably higher than duty-paid prices of foreign wool, most of the 
domestic production accumulated in Government hands. 

During the first postwar season (19U^—U6) stocks owned by the British 
Government were reduced from 3*2 to 2*0 billion pounds. At the same time, 
stocks in Argentina and Uruguay were reduced from 338 million pounds to 21*5 
million pounds. Only a small part of this reduction entered into consumption 
during this season, however. The large shipments in 191*5-1*6 reflected, in 
part, the rebuilding of stocks in trade channels in continental Europe. 

In the United States, stocks of wool continued to increase during 
191*5-1*6 despite a record peacetime rate of mill consumption. Excluding stocks 
stored for the British Government, stocks of apparel wool in the United States 
of 931 million pounds, grease basis, on July 1, 191*6, were 168 million pounds 
larger than a year earlier and were three times as large as the average for 
July 1 during 193l*-38. Mills and dealers held U32 million pounds, of which 
319 million pounds were foreign wool. Although CCC selling prices for domestic 
wool had been reduced in November 191*5 and again in February 191*6 to bring 
them more in line with prices of imported wool, CCC holdings continued to 
increase. On July 1, 191*6, CCC holdings totaled 1*99 million pounds. 

The high rate of world consumption of wool following World War II — 
between 15 and 20 percent in excess of current production — has resulted in 
the disposal of the large wartime accumulation. The last of the CCC holdings 
were disposed of in 1950 and the last of the wools owned by the Joint Organiza¬ 
tion were sold in 1951. Practically all of the wool consumed during the 
1950-51 season was current clip wool. 

2. Wor ld Production of Wool . Production of apparel wool is concen¬ 
trated very largely in five Southern Hemisphere countries — Australia, New 
Zealand, Union of South Africa, Argentina, and Uruguay. These countries 
account for approximately 80 percent of the total production of apparel wool 
and for more than 90 percent of the apparel wool entering international 
trade (table 17). 

Practically all of the wool produced in the United States and about 
70 percent of the production of continental Europe and the United Kingdom is 
of the apparel typej however, most of the wool produced in these areas is 
consumed domestically and does not enter world trade as raw wool. The rest 
of the world, except for a few areas in Asia .and South America, produces 
mostly coarse or carpet wools. 

World production of apparel wool is relatively stable, with year-to-year 
fluctuations depending to a large extent on weather and feed conditions. In 
Australia, the Union of South Africa, and Argentina especially, sheep raising 
and production of wool are particularly susceptible to drought and other 
extreme weather conditions. 




















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- 18 - 


In recent years the world output of apparel wool has fluctuated around 
3 billion pounds, grease basis, (1.8 billion pounds, clean basis) with a high 
of nearly 3.4 billion pounds in 1941 and a low of 2.9 billion pounds in 1946 
(table 18). 

World production of wool, apparel and carpet combined, averaged about 
3.7 billion pounds annually during 1934-38 and increased thereafter until 1941 
when a record output of 4.2 billion pounds was reached. At the wartime peak, 
world production surpassed the 1934-38 average by about 15 percent. Most of 
the increase was in countries which normally export 80 to 90 percent of their 
production. 

After 1941 world production turned downward and by 1945 it had declined 
to about the prewar level. The production of 1,133 million pounds in Australia 
and the Union of South Africa in 1945-46 was 20 percent below the 1941 peak 
and 8 percent smaller than the 1934-38 average. Australia and the Union of 
South Africa produce most of the world's export supply of fine-grade apparel 
wools. In New Zealand, Argentina, and Uruguay, which produce mostly medium 
grades of apparel wool, production had been maintained close to the wartime 
peak. The 1945-46 production in these countries, estimated at 1,007 million 
pounds, was about a fourth larger' than the 1934-38 average. Production in 
Europe of 430 million pounds in 1945 was about 17 percent smaller than prewar. 

The most significant change in the wool production picture has been 
the sharp reduction in output in the United States, which was down to about 
254 million pounds, grease basis, in 1950, from the wartime average of 428 
million pounds and the record high of 455 million pounds of 1942. Production 
in continental Europe and the United Kingdom has gradually increased and by 
1950 it was slightly above the World War II average and only about 4 percent 
below the 1936-40 average (table 29). 

In 1950, production in the five major Southern Hemisphere producing 
countries, with the exception of the Union of South Africa, was considerably 
above the prewar average and was above the wartime average in Australia, New 
Zealand, and Uruguay (table 28). 

World production of apparel wool has increased each year since the 
postwar low was reached in 1947. If weather and feed conditions are favor¬ 
able, further slight increases in production are likely during the next few 
years. However, most areas of the world where sheep are raised, particularly 
the major Southern Hemisphere countries, are adequately stocked, and increases, 
even under favorable conditions, are likely to be small. 

3. World Co nsumption of Wool . World consumption of wool in 1934-38 was 
estimated at about 2 billion pounds a year, clean basis. This was made up of 
approximately 1.6 billion pounds of apparel wool and about 0.4 billion pounds 
of carpet wool. The Northern Hemisphere — United States, United Kingdom, 
continental Europe, and Japan — accounted for about 90 percent of the total 
(tables 19 and 20). 

Consumption patterns changed greatly during World War II as continental 
Europe and Japan were separated from Southern Hemisphere supplies. Consump¬ 
tion in the United States and the United Kingdom increased greatly. Consump¬ 
tion in the Southern Hemisphere countries also increased. 





- 19 - 


Since the war, world consumption has been substantially higher than 
prewar consumption and current production: the excess of consumption over 
current production has fluctuated between 200 and I 4 OO million pounds, clean 
basis, a year. 

By 19U9, new consumption patterns had developed. Features of the new 
patterns include the much higher rate of consumption in the United States and 
Italy and the trend toward self-sufficiency in woolen textiles in some of 
the smaller European consuming countries, particularly Sweden, Switzerland, 
and the Netherlands, Probably the most significant change in both trade and 
consumption patterns has been the increase over prewar of more than 230 per-* 
cent in consumption In the five major surplus-producing countries. 


World Trade in Raw Wool , During 193U-38 about two-thirds of the 
world's production of apparel wool moved in international trade. With the 
exception of the United States and the Soviet Union, the principal consuming 
countries imported 0O to 90 percent of their wool requirements and the 
principal producing countries exported 80 to 90 percent of their production. 
The United Kingdom imported an average of nearly 600 million pounds, actual 
weight, of apparel wool annually during 193 U— 38 , almost a third of world 
imports. Continental Europe took over 1 billion pounds annually. Only ' 
about k percent of the total was taken by the United States (tables 21-27). 

During the war annual imports into the United States were several times 
as large as those of prewar, but shipments to continental Europe were practi¬ 
cally zero. Exports from the five Southern Hemisphere surplus-producing 
countries were only about three-fourths as large as in the 193 U -38 period. 

International trade in raw wool increased sharply in 19U5 tU 6 as trade 
with continental Europe was resumed. The excess of exports over current 
production after the war was made possible by the wartime accumulation. 

Neither Germany nor Japan has regained its prewar importance as an 
importer. The most significant change in the trade picture, however, has 
been the increased dependence of the United States on foreign sources of 
supply. A higher level of consumption and a lower level of domestic produc¬ 
tion have made the United States second in importance only to the United 
Kingdom as an importing Nation. 

Trade during 1950-51 was on a lower level than during the preceding 
postwar years. Practically all of the wartime accumulation had already been 
disposed of. 












4 













- 20 - 


VII. WORLD 'WAR II CONTROLS AND EXPERIENCES 

1* Control^ prior to Pearl Harbor . On September 26, 1939, the 
Interdepartmental Wool Committee recommended the establishment of a Government 
agency to purchase wool in bulk in order to lessen pressure on prices, but 
this agency was never established. On June h> 191*0, the Army announced 
large contracts for woolen blankets and cloth. These contracts, under the 
Buy American Act of 1933, were to be filled with wool of domestic origin. 
However, as domestic wool supplies were apparently insufficient to complete 
the order, this provision was modified some 6 months later. In March 191*1, 
the program was again modified when the War Department began paying price 
premiums on wool textiles made from domestic wool. The purpose was to 
encourage production of domestic wool. 

Meanwhile, the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense, 
concerned over possible shortages, on August 15, 191*0, presented a plan to 
the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, whereby that agency would lend 
$7,000,000 for moving 250 million pounds of wool from Australia to the United 
States. On December 9, 19l*0, the United States and Great Britain concluded 
an emergency wool stockpile agreement based upon this plan. The wool was 
to be stored in the United States but was to remain under British ownership. 
The Office of Production Management recommended on July 23, 191*1, that this 
stockpile be increased to 1 billion pounds and shortly thereafter it recom¬ 
mended that the wool already in the stockpile be purchased. On October 18, 
191*1, the Defense Supplies Corporation announced that 176 million pounds of 
such wool had been purchased. 

Thus, prior to December 7, 19l*l, the main concern of the Government 
in regard to wool had been to encourage its production in the United States 
and to establish a stockpile of Australian wool in this country, 

2. Controls from Pearl Harbor to the Cessation of H ostilities . 

2a. Stockpiles . The United States and Great Britain signed new 
stockpiling agreements on March 21*, 191*2, by which the United States was to 
buy the wool covered by the agreement of December 10, 191*0, and was to store 
British-owned South African wools in the United States. On July 7, 19U2, 
the agreement under which the United States was to buy the Australian wool 
was changed to permit the British Government to ship to and store in the 
United States, for its ovm account, Australian and New Zealand wool. The 
United States was to be permitted to buy such quantities of this wool as were 
necessary to meet its strategic needs. These arrangements were later con¬ 
solidated with no basic changes. 

The War Production Board recommended in December 191*3 that U, S.- 
owned foreign wool stocks be liquidated and early in 191*1*, these stocks were 
offered for sale. The last of the stockpile was disposed df for Lend-Lease 
purposes in the spring of 191*5, After VE-Day the British began to move 
their stocks out of this country, both because storage charges were lower 
abroad and because there was strong opposition to the sale of such stockpiled 
wool in the United States, All of these stocks were sold abroad, except for 
a small quantity of wool which was exchanged for a like value of United 
States owned wool and some 5 million pounds of damaged wool sold at Boston 
during the war. 












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- 21 - 


The United Statea also owned and subsequently disposed of smaller amounts 
of Uruguayan, South African, and Icelandic wools during this period. The 

United States domestic wools owned by the Government were acquired as a result 
of a price-support program rather than as a stockpiling program. 

I 

2b. Supports . As price-support programs were discussed in 

a previous section of this report, it is sufficient to note here that the 
Commodity Credit Corporation program, beginning on April 25, 191*3, for support¬ 
ing domestic wool prices, resulted in the accumulation of considerable stocks 
during the war and immediate postwar periods* The accumulation, which occurred 
because domestic support prices were higher than duty-paid prices of comparable 
wool, served in one sense as a reserve stockpile* 

The only War Food Order applying to wool during World War II, issued 
as Food Distribution Order (later War Food Order) No, 50, on April 25, 191*3, 
was related to the price-support program, although price support was not its 
major purpose. The order provided, briefly, that, with minor exceptions, all 
wool sold after that date must be sold to the Commodity Credit Corporation. 

It continued in effect with minor modifications until August 29, 19U5• 

2c. Pr ice Cont rol of Raw Wool . The Commodity Credit Corporation 
support prices at which wool was purchased were based on ceiling prices 
established by the Office of Price Administration. Prices of wool had risen 
rapidly in the period from the outbreak of war in Europe to Pearl Harbor. 

Thus, on December 8, 191*1, the Office of Price Administration announced it 
would impovse maximum prices on wool at the December 6 price level, and, on 
December 17, the OPA issued its Price Schedule 58* Prices were frozen by 
this regulation at the seller's highest price between October 1 and 
December 6, 191*1. The Emergency Price Control Act of 191*2, approved 
January 30, 19i*2, extended the period for freezing to December 15, 19l*l, 
which resulted in an increase in the ceilings. 

The OPA issued Maximum Price Regulation 106, covering domestic shorn 
wool, on February 23, 191*2. This resulted in a further increase in the farm 
price. Price Schedule 58 was further superseded on March 27, when OPA issued 
Revised Price Schedule 58, establishing maximum prices for domestic pulled 
wool, domestic scoured shorn wools, all imported wools, wool tops and noils, 
and wool yarns. Again, the maximum prices were somewhat higher than those 
under previous regulations. 

Between 191*2 and 191*6 the regulations governing wool prices were 
modified in various respects without, however, changing the maximum prices 
for raw wool in any important particular. Between July 1 and July 25, 191*6, 
all price controls were ineffective but with Presidential approval of a Price 
Control Extension Act they were restored on the latter date. On September 1, 
191*6, when the Secretary of Agriculture did not certify that domestic wool was 
in short supply, price ceilings we re removed by OPA. All remaining price 
ceilings on wool were removed with other price controls by order of the 
President on-November 9, 191*6. 

As the Commodity Credit Corporation bought domestic wool from 191*3 
to 191*5 at prices that were higher than prices for similar imported wool on 
a comparable basis, the effects of price regulations imposed by the Office of 








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- 22 - 


Price Administration were more apparent on foreign than on domestic wool* 
During certain periods, shortages of particular grades of foreign wools might 
well have led to higher prices had not the OPA regulations been in effect. It 
should also be noted that nearly all woolen textiles were under price control 
during the war. Thus any analysis of the effects of price control on raw 
wool would require consideration of the effect of the control of textile 
prices upon raw material prices. 

2d, Pr iorities and Similar C ontrols » War Food Order 50, dis¬ 
cussed previously because of its relation to the price-support program, was 
the major device used during the v;ar to maintain Government control of 
domestic raw wool. The purpose of the order, which was effective from 
April 25, 19l*3 to August 29, 191*5, was to make wool available to the Govern¬ 
ment for military and civilian purposes, by requiring that substantially all 
domestic wool be sold to the Commodity Credit Corporation. The effect of 
the order was to create a rather large stockpile of domestic wool. This 
stockpile was of some concern to the Government and growers at the end of 
the war but it has since been dispersed. 

Importations of foreign wool into the United States were controlled 
by the War Production Board. As mentioned previously, some wool was bought 
by the United States for stockpiling, while some remained in British owner¬ 
ship. 


The War Production Board also controlled the use of wool. It severely 
limited production of civilian fabrics and restricted the design of wool 
apparel through the issuance of various regulations, including Priority 
Regulation No. 1, issued December 21*, 191*1, and the Wool Conservation Order, 
M-73, issued January 3, 191*2. The quotas imposed on production of civilian 
fabrics were greatly eased in 191*1*. Actually, the control of mill consump¬ 
tion of apparel wool was the chief government action taken on wool during 
the war as it constituted the core of the control program. Generally* speak¬ 
ing, these controls achieved their objectives. But if the United States had 
not been able to import large quantities of foreign wool, the outcome would 
have been more doubtful as the controls would have been subject to much 
greater strain. 

3. Controls and Experiences in Other Countries . 

3a. British Empire . Shortly after the outbreak of World War II 
in Europe, the British Minister of Supply requisitioned the wool clip of 
Great Britain, a practice continued throughout the war years. Each grower 
sold his vrool through a designated qualified merchant at a price fixed in 
accordance with national policy. The fixed price was adjusted each year until 
19l*2, at which time it was between 85 and 120 percent higher, varying for 
different types, than the prewar price. The 191*2 price was maintained for 
the rest of the war. However, production of wool declined from an annual 
total of 105 million pounds, grease basis, in the year immediately preceding 
the war to about 56 million in 191*5, 

















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- 23 - 


On October 1U, 1939? the United Kingdom announced an agreement with 
the respective Dominion Governments for the purchase of all Australian and 
New Zealand clip wool for the period of the war and one clip thereafter. 
Within the next year, similar agreements were made with South Africa and the 
Falkland Islands. By 191*2, the' price fixed by the Government had been 
increased until it was about 1*9*5 percent above the immediate prewar price. 

During the war, some British-owned wool was stockpiled in the United 
States, and some Australian wool was bought for stockpiling purposes by this 
country. However, by VJ-Day, the British Government owned at least 3 billion 
pounds of wool, most of which was held in Australia, New Zealand, and South 
Africa. 


The disposal of this wool appeared to be a pressing problem. On 
September 8, 191*5? the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and South 
Africa agreed to form a joint organization to dispose of the wartime stocks 
and support the price of current clips during the period of disposal. Some 
wool was sold the following year. On September 9? 191*6, the first postwar 
wool auctions were opened in London, and, as noted previously in this report, 
prices rose rapidly. The British-owned stocks were eventually disposed of 
without any noticeable depressing effect upon the world market. 

3b, South America . Several South American countries produce 
appreciable quantities of wool, as discussed elsewhere in this report, and 
two nations of that continent, Argentina and Uruguay, rank among the five 
chief surplus-producing countries in the Southern Hemisphere. During the 
first 2 years or so after the United States became involved in World War II 
and world shipping lanes were menaced, wool stocks accumulated in Argentina 
and Uruguay. These stocks were disposed of when the shipping situation eased 

Meanwhile, on November 2k , 19l*2, the United States agreed to buy the 
stocks of desirable wool that had accumulated in Uruguay by October 1, 191*2, 
and agreed to take a portion of the 19U2—U3 production. The United States 
bought some 31* million pounds under this agreement. However, little of the 
191*2-1*3 production was offered, mainly because the shipping situation had 
eased, and the agreement was terminated as of October 31? 19l*3* The wool 
acquired was disposed of in the same way as other United States-owned foreign 
stockpiles, through auction and Treasury Procurement sales. 





- 24 - 


Table 3,- Domestic production of shorn and pulled wool, grease basis, 
and estimated scoured basis equivalent. United States, 1935 to date 


Shorn 


Pulled 


Total 


1952 

1953 

1954 

1955 


Year 

Greasy 

shorn 

basis 

: Estimated : 

: scoured : 

:equivalent : 

A ... 1 / ! 

Pulled 

or 

washed 

basis 

: Estimated : 
: scoured : 
:equivalent : 
! 1/ : 

Grease 

: Estimated 

; scoured 
:equivalent 

•.V 


Mil.lb. 

Mil.lb 0 

Mil.l'b. 

Mil.lb. 

Mil,lb 9 

Mil.lb. 

1935 

361.5 

145 

66.0 

44 

427.5 

139 

1936 

353.2 

141 

66.2 

44 

419.4 

185 

1937 

356.1 

143 

66.2 

44 

422.3 

187 

1938 

359.9 

144 

64.5 

43 

424.4 

187 

1939 

361.7 

145 

64.5 

43 

426.2 

188 

1940 

372,0 

149 

62.0 

41 

434.0 

190 

1941 

387.5 

155 

66.8 

44 

453.3 

199 

1942 

388.3 

156 

66.7 

44 

455,0 

200 

1943 

378.8 

152 

65.2 

43 

♦ 

444.0 

195 

1944 

338,3 

135 

73.5 

49 

411.8 

184 

1945 

308.0 

123 

70,5 

47 

378.5 

170 

1946 

280.9 

112 

61.3 

41 

342.2 

153 

1947 

251.4 

101 

56.6 

38 

308.0 

139 

1948 ! 

t 231.8 

93 

46.6 

31 

378.4 

124 

1949 : 212.9 

85 

35.6 

24 

248.5 

109 

1950 2/ 

i 

215.4 

86 

32.4 

22 

247.8 

108 

1951 g/ 

225.5 

90 

24.9 

17 

250.4 

107 


l/ Production as reported by Agricultural Estimating Service converted from 
greasy shorn and pulled basis to scoured basis using 40 percent yield for 
shorn wool and 67 percent yield for pulled wool. These yield factors, which were 
published in the 1950 edition of Agricultural Statistics, are somewhat lower than 
those given in The Domestic Wool Clip, Livestock Branch, Production and Marketing 
Administration, 2/ Preliminary. 




































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- 25 - 


State 


United States ... 

Texas .,.. 

Wyoming . 

California .... 

Montana . 

Utah . 

Colorado . 

New Mexico .... 

Idaho . 

Ohio . 

South Dakota .. 

Missouri . 

Iowa . 

Oregon . 

Minnesota . 

Nebraska .. 

Nevada .... 

Kentucky ...... 

Kansas . 

Illinois . 

North Dakota .. 

Michigan . 

Washington .... 

Indiana ... 

Arizona . 

Wisconsin ..... 
Pennsylvania .. 
West Virginia . 

Virginia . 

Tennessee ..... 

Oklahoma . 

New York . 

Mississippi ... 

Louisiana . 

Maryland . 

North Carolina 

Arkansas . 

Maine . 

Alabama . 

New Jersey .... 

Vermont ....... 

Massachusetts . 
Georgia ....... 

New Hampshire . 
Connecticut ... 
South Carolina 
Ehode Island .. 
Delaware ...... 

Florida ....... 


wool, grease basis, by States, 1951 1/ 


Production \ 

Percentage 
of total 


1,000 pounds 

225,545 

Percent 

100.00 


48,712 

21.59 


19,642 

8.71 


15,589 

6.91 


14,569 

12,019 

11,580 

6.46 

5.33 

5.13 



11,067 

4.91 


9,595 

8,047 

4.25 

3.57 


7,135 

3.16 


6,775 

3.00 


6,468 

2.87 


5,506 

2.44 


4,819 

2.14 


3,930 

1.74 


3,898 

1.73 


3,788 

1.68 


3,735 

1.66 


3,724 

1.65 


3,287 

1.46 


2,813 

1.25 


2,794 

1.24 


2,620 

1.16 


2,481 

1.10 


1,630 

0.72 


1,528 

.68 


1,484 

.66 


1,458 

.65 


1,248 

.55 


999 

.44 


858 

.38 


302 

.13 


282 

.13 


241 

.11 


191 

.08 


161 

.07 


112 

.05 


91 

.04 


72 

.03 


56 

.02 


56 

.02 


48 

.02 


41 

.02 


40 

.02 


16 

.01 


13 

.01 


13 

.01 


12 

.01 


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- 26 - 


Table 5*- Percentage distribution of monthly receipts of domestic wool, 

Boston, average 1950-39 


Month 

• 

Percentage * 

distribution ] 

Month 

Percentage 

distribution 


Percent : 


Percent 

January 

< 

2 

t • 

July 

27 

< 

February i 

i * 

t 2 

August i 

> 15 

March 

2 : 

• 

September i 

! 7 

April i 

• 

! 4 : : 

i October 

5 

May 

• 

9 : 

November 

4 

June i 

• 

t 20 : 

► • 

» • 

• 

> • 

December 

3 


Derived from data obtained from The Commercial Bull etin for 1930-33 and from 
reports of the Agricultural Marketing Service of the Department of Agriculture 
for later years. 


Table 6,- Percentage distribution of wool production, 
by grades. United States, 1946 




Shorn : 

Pulled, 

: Shorn and 

Grade 


Grease 

basis 

: Clean s 
: basis : 

oloan 

basis 

: pulled, 
sclean basis 



Percent 

Peroent 

Peroent 

Percent 

Fine (64s and finer) 


53.0 

45.6 

9.7 

36.8 

Half blood (58/60s to 

60/64s) 

16.3 

16.6 

38.3 

21.9 

Three-eighths blood (56s to 56/56o) 

16.5 

20.6 

45.7 

26.8 

Quarter blood (48/50s 

to 50/56s) i 

! 9.9 

12.9 

5.3 

11.1 

Low Quarter blood (46: 

3 to 48s) i 1.5 

1.4 

0.7 

1.2 

Common and braid (36s 

to 44s) 

! 

0.5 

0.7 

0.3 

0.6 

Off-sorts (ungraded) 

4 

2,3 

! 

2.2 


1.6 

Total 

i 100,0 

: 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 


From Agricultural Statistics, 1930, Tablo 490, Page 401. 














































































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\ 


* 


















/ 


* 








»> 


* 




\ 







r 







- 27 - 


Table 7.- Estimated wool production, scoured basis, by grade. 
United States, 1935 to date l/ 


Year 

Fine 

(64s 

and 

finer) 

i/ 2 - ; 

blood 
(58s/60s 
to 1 

60s/64s)| 

3/8- 
blood 
(56s to 
56s/58s) 

M 4- : Low l/4- 

, 00 , „ • blood 

(48s/503 i(46£ . t0 

50s/56s); 48 

sCommon: 

: and : Off- 
:braid : sorts 
: (36s : (un- 
: to tgraded) 
i 44s) : 

Total 


Mil.lb. 

Mil.lb. 

• 

i— 1 

• 

#—i 

•H 

Mil.lb. 

Mil.lb. 

Mil.lb 

. Mil.lb. 

, Mil.lb. 

1935 

70 

41 

51 

21 

2 

1 

3 

189 

1936 

68 

40 

50 

21 

2 

1 

3 

185 

19,37 

69 

41 

50 

21 

2 

1 

3 

187 

1938 

69 

41 

50 

21 

2 

1 

3 

187 

1939 

70 

41 

50 

21 

2 

1 

3 

188 

1940 

70 

42 

51 

21 

2 

1 

3 

190 

1941 

74 

44 

53 

22 

2 

1 

3 

199 

1942 

74 

44 

54 

22 

2 

1 

3 

200 

1943 

72 

43 

52 

22 

2 

1 

3 

195 

1944 

68 

40 

50 

20 

2 

1 

3 

184 

1945 

63 

37 

46 

18 

2 

1 

3 

170 

1946 

56 

34 

41 

17 

2 

1 

2 

153 

1947 

52 

30 

37 

15 

2 

1 

2 

139 

1948 

46 

27 

33 

14 

1 

1 

2 

124 

1949 

40 

24 

29 

12 

1 

1 

2 

109 

1950 2/ 

39 

24 

29 

12 

1 

1 

2 

108 

1951 

39 

23 

29 

12 

1 

1 

2 

107 


1952 : 

1953 : 

• 

1954 : 

1955 : 

l/ Based on grade distribution of 1946 dip shown in table 6 . Yield factors 
used are those shown in 1950 edition of Agricultural Statistics and are 
somewhat lower than those given in The Domestic Wool Clip, Livestock Branch, 
Production and Marketing Administration.2/ Preliminary. 



























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- 28 - 


Table 8*- Apparel wool: April 1 stocks, domestic production, net imports, 
and consumption, scoured basis. United States, 1935 to date 


Year : 

Stocks 

April 1 

i/ 

Domestic 

production 

2/ 

Net 

imports 

3/4/ 

Mm 

consumption 

4/5/ 


Million pounds 

Million pounds 

Million pounds 

Million pounds 

1935 : 

6/ 134 

189 

27 

319 

1936 : 

6/ 105 

185 

70 

300 

1937 : 

109 

187 

91 

274 

1938 : 

108 

187 

19 

220 

1939 : 

89 

188 

59 

293 

1940 : 

95 

190 

119 

310 

1941 ; 

115. 

199 

335 

- 514 

1942 : 

7/ 284 

200 

457 

560 

1943 : 

315 

195 

384 

603 

1944 : 

408 

184 

342 

577 

1945 : 

349 

170 

404 

589 

1946 : 

421 

153 

465 

610 

1947 : 

404 

139 

253 

526 

1948 : 

346 

124 

245 

485 

1949 : 

199 

109 

147 

339 

1950£/ 

143 

108 

247 

^37 

19518/ 

1952 : 

1953 : 

130 

107 

272 

377 


1954 

1955 


For footnotes see page 


(Continued-) 






























- 29 - 


Table 8.- Apparel wool: April 1 stocks, domestic production, net imports, 
and consumption, scoured basis, United States, 1935 to date (continued) 

Footnotes: 

Stock, import, and consumption data from reports of the Bureau of the Census* 
Production data from reports of the Agricultural Estimating Service, USDA. 

1/ Data include in-bond wools. Data include all foreign wools except Donskoi, 
Smyrna, East Indian, and similar wools particularly suitable for floor cover¬ 
ings. Data include Defense Supplies Corporation stockpile wools, but do not 
include wools entered free for storage for the British Government as an act 
of international courtesy and later reexported* Except for tho period April 
19^8 to April 1951, during which stock data wore colloctod annually as of the 
end of the first quarter, stock data were collected quarterly. 

2/ Domestic production as reported by the Agricultural Estimating Service, 
USDA, converted to a scoured basis, using 40 percent yield for shorn wool 
and 67 percent yield for pulled wool. See also footnote 1/, table 3» 

Zj Imports for consumption less exports of domestic wool. Wool entered free 
as an act of international courtesy is not included. 

4 / Data for the years 1935-41 include all foreign wool except Donskoi, Smyrna, 
East Indian, Chinese, and similar wools particularly suitable for floor cover¬ 
ings. The data for these years include a small quantity of duty-free wool and 
exclude a small quantity of duty-paid wool. Data for later years include all 
duty-paid wool and exclude all duty-free wool. 

5/ Raw wool consumption on the cotton and other spinning systems is not in¬ 
cluded in 1946 and later years. It is included in prior years. The quanti¬ 
ties, in thousands of pounds, scoured basis, are: 1949-2,818j 1948-3,626? 

1947 (31 weeks only)-2,783; 1946-10,557. Data include consumption in batting 
and felt manufactures in 1946 and earlier years but not in later years. 

Prior to 1942 wool was considered as consumed when carded or otherwise ad¬ 
vanced beyond scouring or raw stock dyeing. Beginning January 1942, wool was 
considered as consumed (l) on the woolen system when laid in mixes and (2) 
on the worsted system when entering scouring bowls. From August 1948 forward 
consumption on the worsted system is taken as the sum of top and noil pro¬ 
duction. 

6 / Includes a small quantity of v/ool afloat which had not entered 
United States ports* 

T/ Does not include 36s, 40s foreign wool which was reported with carpet 
wool. 

8 / Preliminary. 







































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33 


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(Continued) 





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Ta"ble 9 .- Wool, clean basis: Imports for consumption. United States, by country and trade, 1938 


35 ^ 


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Table 9 •— Wool, clean basis: Imports for consiimption, United States, by country and grade, 1950 2:/ 

(Continued) 


- 57 - 


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Table 10«- Total and per capita wool consumotion, scoured basis. 
United States, 1935 to date l/ 


Year 


Total 


• 

• 

Per capita 


Apparel 

wool 

2/ 

: Carpet 

: wool 

« 3/ 

• 

• 

: Total 

• 

• 

: Apparel 
: wool 
: 2/ 

: Carpet : 

: wool : 

: 3/ : 

Total 



Mil.lb. 

Mil.lb. 

Mil,lb. 

Pounds 

Pounds 

Pounds 

1935 


319.0 

98.5 

417,5 

2.49 

0.77 

3.26 

1936 


299.8 

106.3 

406.1 

2.-33 

.82 

3.15 

1937 

: 274,2 

106.6 

380.8 

2.12 

.82 

2.94 

1938 

4A 

’ 219.6 

64.9 

284.5 

1.68 

.50 

2.18 

1939 

: 293.1 

103.4 

396.5 

2.22 

.79 

3,01 

1940 


310,0 

97.9 

407,9 

2.33 

.74 

3.07 

1941 

5 / 

514.4 

133,6 

648.0 

3.83 

1,2)0 

4.83 

1942 

560.5 

43.1 

603.6 

4.13 

.32 

4.45 

1943 

y 

603.3 

32.9 

636.2 

4.38 

.24 

4„62 

1944 

577.0 

45.8 

622.8 

4.14 

.33 

4.47 

1945 


589,2 

55,9 

645.1 

4.18 

.40 

4.58 

1946 

y 

609.6 

127,9 

737.5 

4.28 

.90 

*5.18 

1947 

525.9 

172.3- 

698.2 

3.63 

1.19 

4,82 

1948 

485.2 

207.9 

693.1 

3.29 

1.41 

4.70 

1949 


339.0 

161,4 

500.4 

2.26 

1.08 

3.34 

1950 


1*36.9 

197.9 

634.8 

2.86 

1.30 

4,16 

1951 


376.9 

101.7 

478.6 

2.43 

.66 

3.09 


1952 : 

1953 : 

1954 i 

1955 : 


Based on data compiled from reports of the Bureau of the Census# 

l/ Prior to 1942 wool was considered as consumed when carded or otherwise 
advanced beyond scouring or raw stock dyeing. Beginning January 1943, wool 
was considered as consumed (l) on the woolen system when laid in mixes and 
(2) on the worsted system when entering scouring bowls. From August 1948 
forward, consumption on the worsted system is taken as the sum of top and 
noil production. Raw wool consumption on the cotton and other spinning 
systems is not included in 1946 and later years. It is included in earlier 
years,- The quantities, in thousands of pounds, scoured basis, ares 1949- 
2,818; 1948-3,626; 1947 (31 weeks only)-2,783; 1946-10,557. Data include 
consumption in batting and felt manufactures in 1946 and earlier years but 
not in later years. Data are for 52 week-periods approximating calendar 
years except as noted, Zj Data for 1935-41 include all domestic wool and 
all foreign wool except Donskoi, Snyrna, East Indian, Chinese, and similar 
wools particularly suitable for floor coverings. The data for these years 
include a small quantity of duty-free wool and exclude a small quantity of 
duty-paid wool. Data for later years include all duty-paid wool and exclude 
all duty-free wool. Zj Data for 1935-41 include only foreign wools such as 
Donskoi, Smyrna, East Indian, Chinese,, and similar wools particularly suita¬ 
ble for floor coverings. The data for these years include a small quantity 
of duty-paid wool and exclude a small quantity of duty-free wool. Data for 
later years include all duty-free wools and exclude all duty-paid wools, 

4/ Period of 53 weeks. 5/ Period of 51 weeks. 



































% 


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- 59 - 


Table 11.- Mill consumption of apparel wool, scoured basis, by grades, 
__ United States, 1935 to date 1 / 





Total domestic 

and foreign 



: Percent 

Year 

64s and :_ Q 
finer : 58s ' 603 

.* 56s [ 

+8s, 50 s 

! 46s 

:44s and : m . 

Total 

:coarser : 

:domestic 
: 2/ 



Mil.lb. M 

-1.1b. 

Mil.lb. 

Mi1.1b. 

Mil.lb. 

Mi1.1b 

. Mil.lb. 

Percent 

1935 


121.5 

49.0 

73.4 

53.2 

9.3 

12.6 

319.0 


92 

1936 


109.8 

42.6 

64.2 

47.8 

11.9 

23.5 

299.8 


76 

1937 

ii 

105.3 

36.0 

58.5 

1 * 0.5 

10.9 

23.0 

274.2 


64 

1938 

90.9 

29.3 

48.5 

35.7 

5-7 

9.5 

219.6 


88 

1939 


124.2 

39.1 

63.8 

1 *2.6 

9.0 

14.4 

293.1 


83 

1940 


137.6 

46.3 

59.2 

43.2 

8.4 

15.3 

310.0 


69 

1941 


223.1 

77.8 

95.7 

66.2 

52.9 

y 

514.4 


43 



60 s and 


50s ua to : 

48s and 

. 

. 





finer 


60 s 

: 

coarser 

1 

Total | 

Percent 

1942 

1 /' 

294.0 


192.9 


73.6 


560.5 

43 


1943 

i/ 

280.8 


255.6 


66.9 


603.3 

34 


1944 


268.9 


241.8 


66.3 


577.0 

26 


1945 


281.5 


247.1 


60.6 


589.2 

20 


1946 

2 / 

334.5 


190.5 


84.6 


609.6 

18 


1947 

327.2 


134.6 


64.1 


525.9 

31 


1948 


303.4 


130.7 


51.1 


435.2 

40 


1949 


I 85 .I 


120.1 


33.8 


339.0 

50 


1950 

, 

246.0 


150.9 


40.0 


436.9 

40 


1951 


217.4 


125.6 


34.1 


376.9 

40 


1952 











1953 











1954 











1955 












Compiled from reports of the Bureau of the Census. 

1/ Data for 1935~4l include all domestic wool and all foreign wool except Donskoi, 
Smyrna, East Indian, Chinese, and similar wools particularly suitable for floor 
coverings. The data for these years include a small quantity of duty-free wool and 
include a small quantity of duty-paid wool. Data for later years include all duty- 
paid wool and exclude all duty-free wool. Prior to 1942 wool was considered a 3 con¬ 
sumed when carded or otherwise advanced beyond scouring or raft stock dyeing. Begin¬ 
ning 1942 wool was considered as consumed (l) on the woolen system when laid in 
mixes and (2) on the worsted system when entering scouring bowls. From August 1948 
forward consumption on the worsted system is taken as the sum of top and noil pro¬ 
duction. Raw wool consumption on the cotton and other spinning systems is not in¬ 
cluded in 1946 and later years. It is included in prior years. The quantities, in 
thousands of pounds, scoured basis are: 1949~ 2 , 8 l 8 ; 1948- 3 > 626 ; 1947 (31 weeks 
only)- 2 , 783 ; 1946- 10,557. Data include consumption in batting and felt manufactures 
prior to 1947. Annual totals are for periods of 52 weeks approximating calendar 
years except as noted. Data for the years 1935"4l are preliminary; only revised 
totals are available for those years. 2/ Percentages for the years 1935-47 are 
based on unrevised data. Percentages for 1948 and later years are based on domestic 
production adjusted for changes in stocks of domestic wools. 3/ Period of 53 weeks. 
4/ Included with 46s. 5>/ Period of 51 weeks. 
















































Table 12.- Percentage distribution of mill consumption of apparel wool by grades 

United States, 1935 to date 1/ 


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- 61 - 


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rH ft rH rH rH 


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Table 13.- Weekly average mill consumption of apparel wool, scoured basis, on the woolen and worsted systems 

United States, by months, 1935 to date - Continued 


- 62 -=• 




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HHrlrliHHHrlHrHHH HHHHrlHHHH 


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Table 15*“ Stocks of apparel wool, scoured basis, by grades, United States, April 1, 1935 to data - Continued 





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oj m m oj oj m 


od. 

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co m 


ro ro ra 
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40 o-co 


UNCO MO UN -4 CVI UN m OJ KN 

••••••••• % 

- 4-4 In- ON rH -4 MO ON m o 
co H 040 J 04 On -4 m 
oj m -4 m -4 -4 m h h h 

H 


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• ••••<•*» • 
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H H OJ rn -4 -4 m H H rH 

o Nmooooooi on 

• • • • • 

UN r-i r-i -4 OJ 


ITN O- CO ON t— H 

o O', co CN m t- col m| m| ml 

\ H H -4 m 

M 

H mco ON 

• • • I 

004 (-> o 
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t— UN ON CO MO m 

00 O m -4- MO UN 

rH rH rH rH H 


t— mo on uno mo mo O 

o'00 o ON o CNONMO union 
H H H H H 


t— GO -4 UN H On 4 m vo O 

• • • ... 

C— UN H m M3 O On UN m H 
rH r-i OJ OJ ON m OJ OJ H H 


M>H O m.HONOOJ ITN 

OJ OJ MO A- Ol OJ GO H-4 KN 
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rH 


ON OJ UN t'- H UN-4 m UN iH 

ON ON H m UNCO OJ CO On NO 
OJ i—I CO MO C— MO MO CO OJ KN 


ON OJ -4 UN MO O 0- r-i ON ON 

UNCO MO lAt-H m4C0 O 
UN m ON rH UNUNCNfOm^ 
rl rH rl 


^,^>1 'tAhT'l 

UN NO C'-GO ON O H 

cn cn m cn m-4 -4 
ON ON ON ON ON ON On 

Hi—I H i—I i—I H i—I 


OJ m-4 UN MO C"-OQ ON O H OJ m.4 UN 
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OnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnONOnCnON 

HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 


U 

O 

pH 


footnotes see last page of table. - Continued 

















































































Table .16- World supply and disposition of wool, clean basis, 

average 193^”33 annual 19^6-51 


68 


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l/ It is assumed that carry-in and closing stocks were about equal in this period and 
amounted to about 2^4- weeks supply or between 975 an & 1,000 million pounds. 































































Table 18.- Production of wool in specified countries, greasy basis, averages 1936-40 and 1941-45} annual 1947 to 1951 1/ 


Continent and country 

1936-40 

J 1941-45 | 

1947 

t 1948 

1 

» 1949 

> 

l 1950 2/ « 

t i 

1951 2/ 

NORTH AHBRICA 

Canada ... 

United States 

Pulled . 

: Million 

: pounds 

: 

.« 15.6 

: 

Million 

pounds 

17.7 

360.2 

68.3 

Million 

pounds 

14.1 

252.8 

56.6 

Million 

pounds 

11.9 

233.9 

Million 

pounds 

9.8 

216.8 

35.6 

Million 

pounds 

9.5 

220.1 

32.4 

Million 

pounds 

10.0 

227.6 

32.4 

Total ... 

425.3 

428.5 

309.4 

280.5 

252.4 

252.5 

260.0 

Estimated total 3/ ....... 


457.3 

334.7 

304,6 

271^9 

270.9 

279.7 

S 

EUROPE i 

Austria................. 

.: 2.1 

2.7 

2.6 

3.1 

3.6 

3.0 

3.5 

Bulgaria .. 

.1 28.7 

4/ 26.4 

4/ 26.4 

4/ 27.0 

4/ 27.0 

4/ 27.0 

4/ 28.0 

Hire .... 

.t 17.2 

15.9 

13.3 

12.2 

12.0 

13.7 

14.0 

Finland .................... 

.: 2.7 

1.9 

2.4 

2.4 

2.4 

2.5 

2.6 

France .................. 

.: 37.1 

27.3 

28.6 

29.3 

33.9 

35.0 

33.0 

Germany £/•••••. ............ 

.* 31.7 

35.5 

25.4 

26.8 

29.0 

27.0 

27.0 

Greece .. 

.: 19.3 

12.8 

19.1 

1812 

17.1 

16.5 

17.2 

Hungary 

.J 12.9 

8.9 

4*4 

5.4 

5.9 

6.8 

• 

Italy . 


27.5 

27.1 

28.9 

35.3 

35.0 

37.0 

Netherlands 

.: 6.2 

4.9 

4*6 

4*6 

6.2 

6.5 

6.5 

Norway . .. 

5.9 

5.9 

6.2 

6.4 

7.0 

7.0 

7.0 

Poland and Danzig 6/ ....... 

.« 6.3 

- 

- 

• 




Portugal ................... 

.1 16.3 

17.2 

18.0 

18.0 

17.0 

21.2 

22.0 

Rumania 6/ ................. 

40.7 

- 

- 

- 

- 

• 

• 

Spain ..... 


83.0 

77.0 

88.0 

82.0 

100.0 

100.0 

United Kingdom ............. 


88.6 

71.8 

75.0 

82.5 

86.0 

85.0 

Yugoslavia ................. 

• : _34.7 . 

- 


• 




Estimated total : 

(CXCle U#S*S*Re) 2/ ••••• 

•t 483.4 

446.0 

398.2 

424.0 

443.6 

473.3 

478.3 

U.S.S.R. (Europe and Asia)6/9/ 

: 

: 310*2 

2/ 279.7 

285.8 

304.6 

314.9 

325.0 

335.0 

ASIA ; 



29.6 

30.0 

29.8 

24.7 

35.3 

37.0 

Iraq 

.x 21.6 

21.1 

24.2 

32.7 

26.7 

28.7 

30.0 

Syria ... 


11.0 

12.7 

12.1 

10.0 

13.0 

15.0 

Turkey ..................... 

.» 67.7 

67.9 

71.2 

75.5 

70.9 

67.2 

75.0 

Afghanistan ................ 


15.0 

15.0 

17.0 

17.2 

18.0 

18.6 

China Uj . 


81.0 

75.0 

75.0 

75.0 

75.0 

7fc0 

India . 

. * 12/72.9 

12/ 79.0 

54.5 

53.0 

46.2 

50.5 

52.0 

Pakistan ................... 


• 

26.0 

26,0 

30.0 

35.0 

40.0 

Estimated total : 

(excl. U.S.S.R.) 13/ .. 344.2 

336.7 

341.8 

354.7 

347.2 

369.5 

388.9 

SOUTH AMERICA s 

Argentina 14/ .............. 

Brazil 1J>/T. . 

.: 411.0 

505.8 

475.0 

419.0 

420.0 

420.0 

440.0 

35.5 

37.6 

43.0 

45.2 

48.5 

47.4 

49.6 

Chile . 


38.6 

41.9 

41.9 

46.3 

44.O 

46.O 

Falkland Islands ........... 

.> 4.0 

4.2 

4.0 

4.0 

3.2 

4.7 

4.8 

Peru ....................... 


17.6 

15.9 

17.2 

18.7 

19.8 

20.5 

Uruguay .................... 

.: 126.2 

144.0 

150.3 

144.0 

163.3 

176.4 

190.0 

Estimated total 16/ ...... 

638.9 

759.5 

743.6 

684.8 

713.5 

724.9 

763.5 

: 

AFRICA : 


.: 22.6 

22.6 

13.8 

13.2 

u.o 

lf.O 

19.0 

Egypt . 

.: 7.5 

5.9 

5.6 

7.7 

6.4 

8.0 

6.6 

French Morocco ............. 

.t 35.1 

39.4 

25.0 

28.0 

30.0 

33.1 

35.3 

Libya . 

.1 

3.2 

3.4 

1.0 

1.7 

1.6 



.s 12.0 

12.9 

11.0 

7.9 

8.0 

11.0 

12.0 

Union of South Africa 17/ ...: 252.3 

234.0 

205.2 

219.0 

217.5 

230.0 

240.0 

Estimated total 18/ ..... 

.1 336.8 

321.9 

247.8 

280.6 

281.4 

304.5 

318.4 

OCEANIA s 

Australia .................. 


1*088.0 

973.0 

1,031.0 

1,155.0 

1,177.0 

1,200.0 



3»a 

362.0 

367.0 

390.0 

372.0 

380.0 



1.438.5 

1.335.1 

1.398.1 

1.545.1 

1.549.1 

1.580.1 

Estimated world total 19/ .... 

• 1_3.930.0 

4.040.0 

3.710.0 

3.750.0 

3.920.0 

4.020.0 

4.140.0 


For siwmary purposes wool produced 

season beginning July 1 or October 1 of the same year in the Southern Hemisphere. Pulled wool is included for most countries 
at its greasy equivalent. 2/ Preliminary. 2/ Includes estimates for Mexico, Newfo undl a nd , Netherlands West Indiesphlrti—<ls 
and El Salvador, ij Inclines Southern Dobrodjs. beginning 1944- i/ Data for years 1945 and 1946 not comparable with prewar 
imI U47. 6/ Based on present boundaries. JJ T** 0 years average (1944 and 1945)* 8/ Includes estimates for Albania and for 

countries producing 2 million pounds or less, namely Belgium Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden and Switzerland. 

£/ Based on the number of sheep and an average fleece weight of 4.7 pounds per head. 10/ Includes Lebanon. 11/ Includes China 
ptoper (22 provinces), Manchuria, Jehol and Sinkimng( Turkestan). Figures for postwar years of 75 million pounds used only to 
indicate approximate level. 12/ Includes Pakistan. 13/ Includes estimates for Cyprus, Palestine and Transjordan, Outer 
Mongolia, Tibet and Nepal. 14/ Based on estimates of the Buenos Aires Branch, First National B a nk of Boston through 1947. 

15/ Estimates based largely on production in Rio Grande do Sul, which produces about 80 percent of the totAl. 16/ Includes 
relatively production in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Venezuela, 12/ Union of South Africa, Union 

Protectorates and South West Africa. 18/ Includes estimates for Kenya, Franck West Africa and Togo. 1£/ Rounded to tens of 
millions. 


Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations. Prepared or estimated on the basis of official statistics of foreign governments, 
reports of U.S. Foreign Service officers, results of office research and other information. Estimates for countries having 
changed boundaries have been adjusted to present boundaries as noted. June 18, 1951* 




































































































































































































Table 19 . World Consumption of Wool, clean basis, 
average 193 ^- 38 , annual 1946-90 



1934-38 

average 

1946 

: 1947 

: 1948 

: 1949 

: 1950 


Million 

Million 

Million 

Million 

Million 

Million 


pounds 

pounds 

_ pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

United Kingdom 

^35 

370 

409 

483 

492 

518 

United States 

330 

738 

698 

693 

500 

625 

France 

232 

214 

256 

256 

262 

255 

Germany 

180 

30 

4o 

47 

91 

126 

Japan 

108 

22 

10 

10 

16 

51 

Belgium 

60 

65 

75 

61 

59 

85 

Italy 

Spain 

57 

80 

130 

136 

125 

125 

35 

37 

39 

^5 

48 

^3 

Poland 

35 

20 

29 

34 

35 

35 

Czechoslovakia 

24 

14 

34 

20 

14 

10 

Canada 

20 

41 

42 

35 

30 

28 

Austria 

13 

4 

8 

12 

13 

15 

Switzerland 

12 

18 

20 

18 

15 

16 

Sweden 

11 

23 

26 

33 

29 

30 

Netherlands 

10 

32 

39 

39 

4o 

38 

| Portugal 

10 

13 

14 

13 

10 

10 

Turkey 

20 

39 

40 

40 

40 

4o 

. U.S.S.H. 

180 

140 

155 

170 

195 

200 

Australia 

35 

66 

70 

80 

75 

64 

New Zealand 

4 

8 

7 

7 

8 

8 

[ South Africa 

1 

6 

7 

9 

11 

13 

Argentina 

36 

45 

45 

50 

- 55 

5^ 

. Uruguay 

3 

7 

8 

8 

10 

11 

i Other Europe 

89 

59 

68 

63 

62 

70 

[ Other Africa 

12 

20 

21 

20 

20 

22 

Other America 

31 

53 

51 

^3 

4o 

^5 

' Other Asia 

75 

70 

70 

69 

65 

65 

Total 

2,058 

2,234 

2,411 

2,494 

2,360 

2,602 




































- 72 - 

Table 20.- World Consumption of Wool, clean basis, by main 

quality groups, 1950. 



Merino 

(above 

58*s) 

: Fine Xbred 

: (above 50* s 
: to 58 f s) 

Medium Xbred 

(46 f s to 

50 <s) 

:Carpet Type : 

:(44/46 f s and: 

: lower) 

Total 


Mil. lbs. 

Mil. lbs. 

Mil. lbs. 

Mil. lbs. 

Mil. lbs. 

United States 

240 

149 

40 

196 

625 

United Kingdom 

242 

91 

155 

30 

518 

France 

110 

95 

4o 

10 

255 

Belgium 

48 

17 

10 

10 

85 

Italy 

Germany, 

69 

42 

8 

6 

125 

Fed. Rep. of 

47 

41 

30 

8 

126 

Japan 

30 

14 

7 


51 

Netherlands 

11 

14 

13 

_ 

38 

Austria 

5 

6 

4 


15 

Switzerland 

7 

5 

4 


16 

Canada 

7 

9 

12 

- 

28 

Australia 

36 

20 

6 

2 

64 

New Zealand 

3 

3 

2 

_ 

8 

South Africa 

13 


_ 

_ 

13 

Argentina 

27 

15 

12 

_ 

54 

Uruguay 

8 

3 

- 

- 

11 

Russia 

10 

15 

115 

60 

200 

Poland 

18 

10 

7 

.. 

35 

Czechoslovakia 

4 

2 

4 

_ 

10 

Turkey 

- 

- 

- 

40 

40 

Sweden 

15 

6 

9 

- 

30 

Spain 

20 

5 

18 

_ 

43 

Portugal 

1 

3 

6 

_ 

10 

All Others 

20 

30 

22 

13Q 

202 

Total 

991 

595 

524 

492 

2,602 


- 






























Table 21.- Exports of wool from principal Southern Hand sphere countries, actual weight, average 1934-38* annual 1947-49 


- 73 


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02 no 


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02 


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t- 4 

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02 


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02 


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3 


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02 

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02 


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02 

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On 


8 


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p 

£ 


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rH 

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to 

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to 

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a 


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le 

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rH 

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CO 


included with "Others." 

Compiled from official sources and reports of Foreign Service Officers 








































































































































































































































- 74 - 


Table 22.- Wool: International trade, actual weight, average 1935-39, annual 1947-50 


Continent and country 

< 

Average : 

1935-39 : 

1947 1/ 

1948 1/ 

1949 1/ 

1950 1/ 

t 

Exports s 
: 

Imports : 

: 

Exports 8 

Imports 1 
: 

Exports 1 

1 

Imports 1 
s 

Exports 1 

1 

Imports 8 

J 

Exports 

8 Imports 


: 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

NORTH AMERICA 

t 

t 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pounds 

pound8 

pounds 

Canada ................. 


6,241 

19,337 

3,131 

39,339 

3,070 

42,399 

3,038 

31,986 

3,369 

34,222 



2/ 

2,041 

2/ 

9,140 

1,894 

3,267 

3,540 

7,197 

2/ 

2/ 


z 

— 

—224,498 

0/ c arrA 

12.720 

644.000 

—HS- 

761.406 

. 15,62? 

44P,924 

6.684 

685.556 


: 

-£425° . 


±!>aO*)l 

692.479 

O.036 

807.072 

22.210 

i*80 *10*7 

10.053 

719.778 


EUROPE 


Austria ............... 


1334/2/ 20,900 

162 

9,072 

39 

8,843 

762 

17,596 

1,500 

19,000 



98,316 

226,345 

69,548 

260,286 

51,039 

164,708 

34,332 

187,649 

46,418 

220'685 

Bulgaria... 


4 

1,693 

y 

i/ 

2/ 

y 

y 

y 

2/ 

3/ 

Czechoslovakia ........ 


21 

46,541 

0 

38,593 

y 

y 

3/ 

2/ 

Denmark ............... 


353 

4,149 

390 

12,812 

0 

9,072 

15 

11,232 

346 

9,569 

Eire .................. 


14,250 

691 

8,749 

5,280 

9,549 

7,795 

10,668 

4,507 

13,052 

4,230 

Finland.. 


0 

5,772 

0 

7,104 

0 

8,168 

0 

10,930 

y 

y 

France ................ 


59,575 

403,345 

6,682 

424,400 

15,185 

488,968 

29,290 

482,930 

38,678 

453,040 

Germany ............... 


0 

259.932 

6/2/ 

6/2/ 

0 

90,946 

101 

138,516 

1,043 

182,623 



1,706 

7,717 

n 

4,251 

371 

5,152 

270 

9,685 

682 

14,426 

Hungary ............... 


839 

2,126 

0 

7,765 

y 

y 

y 

y 

y 

y 



1,512 

0 

1,240 

0 

747 

0 

574 

0 

558 

0 

Italy ................. 


1,040 

78,958 

1,703 

298,786 

2,664 

128,503 

2,365 

158,818 

3,086 

141,974 

Netherlands ........... 


3,909 

16,318 

1,014 

56,059 

1,287 

35,395 

1,678 

41,452 

1,492 

38,962 

Norway 


272 

2,161 

9 

8,863 

1 

7,672 

4 

9,037 

0 

4,017 



80 

4/ 46,045 

0 

40,646 

0 

48,300 

y 

2/ 

y 

y 

Portugal .............. 


2,188 

3,377 

815 

13,730 

1,279 

4,486 

1,748 

2,501 

6,422 

1,172 

Rumania 


600 

1,334 

y 

y 

y 

y 

y 

y 

y 

y 



2,195 

12,236 

44 

5,575 

0 

11,646 

0 

3,366 

1,693 

5,202 

Sweden ................ 


427 

16,885 

1,400 

31,977 

446 

26,276 

302 

27,217 

0 

22,705 

Switzerland ........... 


271 

17,234 

501 

30,392 

303 

20,767 

270 

16,604 

380 

21,330 

United Kingdom ........ 


26,072 

628,893 

25,701 

499,643 

21,836 

556,883 

31,435 

713,178 

44,515 

628,550 

Yugoslavia ............ 


1.143 

8.179 

3/ 

3/ 

3/ 

1 3/ 

3/ 

3/ 

3/ 

3/ 

Total ••••••••••••••• 

• • • • _ 

.212*984 

-1*802*677- 

117,990 

1.763,182 

104.746 

1.662.173 

.ltf.814 

1.835.218 

159.865 

1.767.485 


U.S.S.R.-(Europa 

ASIA 

and Asia)8/: 

s 

z 


67,600 

y 

2/ 29,509 

y 

2/ 59,621 

y 

2/ 55,000 

y 

50,OX 

Cyprus ........ 


1,226 

0 

11 

0 

34 

0 

28 

0 

y 

y 

Iran .......... 


12,890 

0 

5,671 

1,086 

992 

2/ 

2,291 

0 

16,466 

0 

Iraq .......... 


13,651 

0 

6,160 

0 

15,954 

0 

9,008 

0 

12,896 

0 

Lebanon ....... 


10/ 

10/ 

12/ 

10/ 

8,762 

0 

y 

y 

4,372 

3,770 

Israel ........ 



- 

505 

980 

- 

- 



- 

• 

Syria ......... 


5,787 

386 

8.031 

0 

6,612 

0 

~y 

2 / 

15,920 

4,852 

Turkey ........ 


17,639 

1,182 

1,739 

11,905 

1,059 

8,658 

397 

9,337 

13,451 

5,697 

China . 


23,608 

0 

3,507 

0 

8,476 

0 

y 

y 

y 

y 

India ......... 


49,016 

12,900 

25,951 

11,789 

30,500 

14,537 

27,363 

11,784 

30,OX 

y 

Japan ......... 


0 

188,257 

0 

2,778 

0 

22,266 

0 

a,03 5 

0 

75,422 

Pakistan .. 


11/ 

11/ 

11/ 

11/ 

25.227 

0 

23.714 

0 

33.687 

0 

Total 

: 

123.817 

202.725 

.-.21*222- 

28^8. 

-101.101 

,4?.4<?1.... 

■ 62,791 

--,.62*126 

l?l|678 

- 39*241, 


: 

SOUTH AMERICA » 

Argentina 305,725 


Boliva 
Brazil .......... 

Chile . 

Colombia ........ 

Ecuador ......... 

Falkland Islands 

Peru. 

Uruguay ......... 

Total 


0 

10,151 

23,335 

36 

132 

4,034 

5,130 

105.478 


80 

166 

3,783 

769 

59 

0 

0 

0 

0 


376,394 

0 

9,325 

13,150 

1 

2 / 

3,340 

972 

iUS.KJL 


0 

1,726 

6,909 

2,109 

1,874 

2 / 

0 

22 

0 


418,202 

0 

15,631 

16,512 

0 

2/ 

3,364 

544 

120.971 


0 

1,455 
2,478 
2,171 
2,158 
1/ 

0 

11 

0 


211,262 

0 

5,406 

12,906 

0 

2 / 

2 / 

1,671 

106.647 


0 

1,577 

4,169 

1,215 

2,384 

2 / 

2 / 

o 

o 


327,976 

2/ 

2,321 

18,258 

0 

2 / 

2/ 

6,821 

215.967 


0 

1/ 

5,000 

2,266 

538 

2/ 

0 

0 


AFRICA 

Algeria.. 

Egyptian Sudan ........ 

Kenya and Uganda ...... 

Egypt . 

French Morocco ........ 

Tunisia .... \lj 

Union of South Africa . 




OCEANIA 

Australia ., 

New Zealand 

Total. 1.095.358 

: 

World Total .................. 2.154.962 

I/Preliminary. 2/ Less than 500 pounds 


z 

12,822 

«t.7°., 

0 

_ 

192 

7,520 

t- 

198 

7,912 

, . 

264 

1,947 

-•‘■■*7.^ 

2,978 

L*2i» 

644 

it 

y 

y 

42 

33 

20 

22 

y 

y 

y, 

y 

1 

y 

y 

909 

X 

894 

0 

1,027 

474 

y 

y 

. 

4,489 

0 

1,646 

1,369 

974 

1,616 

329 

1,739 

534 

1,153 

• 

10,036 

0 

2,590 

5,261 

y 

2/ 

882 

1,984 

13,227 

no 


3,241 . 

0 

0 

230 

0 

306 

y 

y 

22 

0 

t 

228.555 

0 

• 220.4X 

0 

225.3X 

0 

201.479 

0 

196.915 

0 


2W.143 

0 

225.788 

14.413 

227.4X 

9TW 

205.031 

6.144 

213.676 

1.907 

z 

821,740 

0 

948,000 

0 

1,054,ox 

0 

1,162,OX 

0 

1,116,462 

0 

t 

273.618 

0 

385.OX 

0 

41.6*000- 

0 

412 .OX 

0 

. 332.314 

0 


0 1.333.000 


0 1.470.000 


.P.-i,m*QQQ 


- 1 * 202 , 


.321.662 2.295.927 

y Not available. 


2,592,463 


2.216 J28 2,44 7 ,970 2^22. 8? ! ,2^2 6 ^15, 

y Beginning April 1938, trade between 


?. 540.761 2.484.507 

4 /Four years average 1935-38. 

Austria and Germany no longer reported as foreign trade in Germany Statistics. The same applies to trade between Czechoslovakia for the period 
October to December 1938. 6/ Imports for western Germany coanencing September 1947. 2/ Two-yaar average. 8/ Present Territory. 2/ B * sed 
on exports from primary sources. 10/ Included in Syria. 11/ Included in India. 


Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations. Prepared or estimated from official statistics of foreign governments, reports of U. S. Foreign 
Service officers and other information. —July, 1951* 
























































































































. . • :i 











. 





































• 


















• 


• 






































































































» 1 






■ 

. 












































- 75 « 


Table 23. Australia: Wool production and .exports, 
average 1934-38, annual 1939-50. 


Season 

beginning 

July 1 

Production 

1/ 


Exports by destination 2 

/ 

: U. S.: 

U. K. : 

Continental 

Europe 

: Other 

: Total 


Mil. 

Mil. 

Mil. 

Mil. 

Mil. 

Mil. 


lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

Av. 1934-1933 

995 

26 

321 

341 

139 

827 

1939/40 

1,128 

17 

592 

188 

65 

862 

1940/41 

1,142 

279 

184 

3/ 

74 

537 

1941/42 

1,167 

558 

223 

0 

35 

816 

1942/43 

1,151 

348 

184 

0 

25 

557 

1943/44 

1,169 

262 

221 

0 

26 

509 

1944/45 

1,016 

260 

281 

0 

21 

562 

1945/46 

936 

313 

256 

177 

29 

775 

1946/47 

977 

330 

248 

560 

58 

1,196 

1947/48 

973 

124 

349 

387 

61 

921 

1948/49 

1,033 

75 

410 

516 

120 

1,121 

1949/50 

1,100 

130 

448 

496 

137 

1,211 

1950/51 

1,150 

177 

318 

398 

132 

1,025 


1/ Grease basis 
2/ Actual veight 

3/ Small amount included with "other countries" 


















. 








' > lipw -■ 

- 76 - 


Tfe.bl e 24.- New Zealand: Wool production and Exports, 
average 1934-38, annual 1939 - 50 . 


Season 
beginning 
July 1 

Production 

1 / 


Exports by destination 2/ 


; u. s. 

* Canada 

; u. K.; 

Europe 

: Other 

: Total 


Mil. 

Mil. 

Mil. 

Mil. 

Mil, 

Mil. 

Mil. 


lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

Av. 1934-38 

299 

15 

10 

164 

47 

38 

274 

1939-40 

310 

3/ 14 

3/ 8 

3./155 

3/74 

3/26 

3/277 

1940-51 

332 

3 

29 

145 

2 

20 

199 

1941-42 

345 

14 

43 

111 

0 

37 

205 

1942-43 

340 

15 

6 

92 

0 

96 

209 

1943-44 

330 

27 

27 

185 

0 

5 

244 

1944-45 

372 

33 

12 

72 

0 

6 

123 

1945.45 

365 

67 

20 

158 

43 

8 

296 

1945 -.47 

367 

65 

26 

194 

117 

11 

413 

1947.48 

362 

20 

12 

243 

120 

33 

428 

1948-49 

367 

24 

16 

205 

148 

35 

428 

1949-50 

390 

51 

11 

210 

111 

28 

411 

1950-51 

390 

43 

10 

134 

80 

15 

282 




1/ Grease basis 
2/ Actual weight 

3/ Calendar year 1939. Seasonal data not available by countries. 

























- 77 - 


r Table 25 .- Union of South Africa: Wool Production and exports, 

average 1934-38, annual 1939 - 50 . 


Season 
beginning 
July 1 

Production 


Exports 

by destination 2 / 


i/ 

u. s.; 

U. K. ; 

Continental 

Europe 

• Other 

j Total 


Mil. 

Mil. 

Mil. 

Mil. 

Mil. 

Mil. 


lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

#T. 1934-38 

239 

2 

44 

157 

28 

231 

^ 1939-^0 

246 

37 

40 

79 

25 

181 

1940-41 

270 

29 

24 

66 

7 

60 

1941-42 

258 

199 

82 

2 

5 

288 

1942-43 

246 

38 

61 

--- 

1 

100 

1943-44 

240 

20 

28 

— 

4 

52 

1944-45 

218 

19 

46 

22 

3 

90 

1945-46 

210 

146 

17 

114 

7 

284 

1946-47 

210 

63 

45 

267 

4 

379 

1947-48 

205 

31 

60 

131 

9 

231 

• 1948-49 

219 

16 

63 

135 

6 

220 

1949/50 

218 

24 

58 

88 

9 

179 

1950-51 

220 

39 

55 

97 

6 

197 


L/ Grease basis 
[/ Actual weight 



























Table 26. Argentina: Wool (production and exports 
average 1934 -3o, annual 1939 - 50 . 


Season 
beginning 
Oct. 1 

Production 

1 / 


Exports 

by destination 

2/ 




U. S. ; 

Continental 

Europe 

• | Other j 

Total 



Mil. lbs. 

Mil. lbs. 

Mil. lbs. 

Mil. lbs. 

Mil. lbs. 


Av. 1934-1938 

370 

53 

155 

98 

306 


1939-40 

443 

137 

99 

46 

282 


1940-41 

474 

349 

9 

60 

418 


I 1941-42 

494 

220 

6 

17 

243 


1942-43 

510 

153 

9 

16 

178 


1943-44 

515 

199 

9 

17 

225 


1944-45 

505 

199 

51 

16 

266 


1945-46 

505 

356 • 

133 

27 

516 


1946-47 

515 

173 

133 

40 

346 


1 1947-48 

475 

302 

1*6 

24 

472 


1948-49 

419 

103 

63 

12 

178 


1949-50 

420 

237 

120 

9 

366 


1950-51 

440 

87 

67 

26 

180 



1/ Total production including carpet, grease basis. 


2/ Actual weight. 
























- 79 - 


- 

liable 27 . Uruguay: Wool production and exports, 
average 1934-38, annual 1939-50. 


Season 
beginning 
Oct. 1 

Production 

1 / 


Exports by destination 
2 / 




U. S. 

: Continental : 
: Europe : 

Other 

; Total 


Mil. lbs. 

Mil. lbs. 

Mil. lbs. 

Mil. lbs. 

Mil. lbs. 

115 

|At. 1934-1938 

1939-40 

118 

15 

72 

28 

134 

37 

62 

7 

106 

194o-4i 

139 

120 

10 

15 

145 

1941-42 

I 

117 

43 

13 

2 

58 

1942-43 

124 

98 

6 

1 

105 

1943-44 

148 

100 

8 

C 

no 

1944-45 

157 

174 

29 

1 

204 

1945-46 

175 

88 

43 

14 

145 

1946-47 

176 

67 

65 

5 

137 

1947-48 

159 

100 

49 

6 

155 

1948-49 

148 

67 

54 

4 

125 

1949-50 

159 

121 

51 

7 

179 

1950-51 

165 

124 

31 

7 

162 

' 1/ Grease basis 

2/ Actual weight 






































Table 28.- Wool production in fire principal exporting countries, greasy basis, 

average 193 ^- 38 > annual I 9 U 1 , 1945*50. 


80 


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- 82 - 


VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY 

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. ’ > 


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*• 


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i 



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